Ⅰ Words:
⒈Nouns:
bookmark(書簽) librarian(圖書管理員) credit([U] 信用) hobby(愛好，復數形式為hobbies) know-all([英英] 自以為無所不知的人) know-it-all(know-all的美式說法) water sports(水上運動) super swimmer(指很厲害的遊泳運動員) water-skiing([U] 滑水) canoe(獨木舟，復數形式為canoes) canoeing([U] 指劃獨木舟這項運動) canoeist(劃獨木舟的選手) diving([U] 跳水) diver(跳水運動員) surfing([U] 沖浪運動) surfer(沖浪運動員) surfboard(沖浪板) surf shop(沖浪用具專賣店) serious surfer(正式沖浪運動員) the mainland(大陸，壹般指中國大陸) channel(海峽) journey(艱難的旅程，trip指的是快樂的旅程，復數形式為journeys) headline(報紙的首行) sight(風景) tourist(旅遊者) tour bus(旅遊車) guide(向導，導遊) senator(參議員) representative(代表) senate(參議院) congress(代表大會 [美] 國會，議會) nation(國家) monument(紀念碑) slave(奴隸) memorial(紀念館) cemetery(墓地，復數形式為cemeteries) hero(英雄，復數形式為heroes) hall(大廳) Monument to the People’s Heroes([中] 人民英雄紀念碑) National People’s Congress(人民代表大會) rule(規則) leader(領導者) imagination([U] 想象力) vehicle(交通工具) kimono(和服，日本傳統服裝，復數形式為kimonos) the environment([U] 環境) litter(雜物) rubbish([U] 垃圾，為英國英語) dustbin(垃圾桶，為英國英語) battery(電池，復數為batteries) neighborhood(社區，街坊) environmental protection organization(環境保護組織) car(車廂) sleeping car(臥鋪車廂) rail(鐵軌) nightclub(夜總會) scenery([U] 景色) astronomer(天文學家) astronomy(天文學) heavenly body(天體) style(風格) shape(形狀) Mercury(水星) Venus(金星) Earth(地球) Mars(火星) Jupiter(木星) Saturn(土星) Uranus(天王星) Neptune(海王星) Pluto(冥王星) a place of interest(名勝) brochure(小冊子) instruction(指示) single / double room(單人/雙人房間) icon(圖標) tomb(墳墓) edge(邊緣) rim(邊緣) scuba(水肺，水中的呼吸器) coral reef(珊瑚) metal(金屬) silver([U] 銀) aluminum([U] 鋁) platinum([U] 鉑金) steel([U] 鋼) nonmetal(非金屬) wool([U] 羊毛) cotton([U] 棉) fleece([U] 羊毛) bracelet(手鐲) jewelry([U] 珠寶) aircraft(飛行器，復數形式為aircraft) window frame(窗的框架) industry(工業) stream(小溪) particle(微粒) shark(鯊魚) ginkgo(銀杏樹，復數形式為ginkgoes) watchtower(了望塔) explorer(探險家) society(社會) fable(寓言) bone(骨頭) one’s own reflection(某人自己的倒影) inventor(發明家) light bulb(電燈泡) safety(安全的地方) raft(救生艇) spirit([U] 精神) bicycling(騎自行車) skyscraper(摩天大樓) harbor(港口) ferry(渡船) musical(音樂劇) customs (office)(海關) terrorist(恐怖分子) chemical weapon(化學武器) explosives(爆炸物，炸藥，常以復數形式出現) explosion(爆炸) poppy(罌粟) drug trafficker(販毒者) barn(馬廄) decoration(裝飾品) generosity([U] 慷慨) Savior(救世主) shepherd(牧羊人) cereal([U] 谷類食品) toast([U] 土司面包，單位名稱為piece) cornflakes(玉米片) toaster(烤土司面包的機器) jelly([U] 果凍) rye([U] 黑麥) pancake(薄烤餅) syrup([U] 果汁) bacon([U] 鹹肉) sausage(香腸) grapefruit(柚子) herb([U] 香草) balance([U] 平衡) nutritionist(營養學家) nutrition(營養學) dairy([U] 乳制品) grain([U] 谷物) fiber([U] 纖維) protein([U] 蛋白質) junk food(垃圾食品) preservative(防腐劑) mood(脾氣，常以復數形式出現，即moods) polyester([U] 聚酯) nylon([U] 尼龍) cotton([U] 棉) leather([U] 皮革) fur([U] 皮毛) mink([U] 貂皮) writing brush(毛筆) bamboo([U] 竹子) Chinese character(漢字) disappearance(消失) earth([U] 泥土) audience([U] 觀眾，聽眾，代表壹個群體，不能說an audience，要說one of the audience ) notice(告示) rule(規則) modem(調制解調器) the global village(地球村) increase([C] [U] 增長，重音在in上，即｀increase) decrease([C] [U] 減少，重音在de上，即｀decrease) challenge(挑戰) diagram(圖表) fisherman(漁民，復數形式為fishermen，讀音相同) container(集裝箱) port(港口) fishing boat(漁船) fishing net(漁網) hemisphere(半球) rival(競爭對手，註意，課本中為rivel，這是打印錯誤) Scandinavian(斯堪的納維亞人，即北歐壹帶的人，包括挪威，瑞典，丹麥，冰島，芬蘭) sturgeon(鱘) caviar([U] 魚子醬) liar(撒謊的人) ad(advertisement，廣告) playmate(玩伴) education([U] 教育，學業) vet(獸醫) earthquake(地震) pearl(珍珠) revolution(革命) the War of Independence(獨立戰爭) section(部分) dome(圓屋頂) common(公***草地) pond(池塘) granite([U] 花崗巖) column(圓柱) battle(戰役) performance([U] 表現) goal(球門) goalkeeper(守門員) striker(前鋒) defender(後衛) midfielder(中鋒) captain(隊長) coach(教練) the first half(上半場) teamwork(齊心協力) check-out(收銀處) description(描述) pouch(育兒袋) ostrich(鴕鳥) robber(搶劫者) robbery(搶劫案) victim(受害者) pickpocket(扒手) theft(盜竊案) detective(偵探) inspector(探長) criminal(罪犯) excuse(借口) witness(目擊證人) crime(犯罪) height(高度) climber(登山者) profession(職業(運動)) mountaineer(專業登山運動員) mist([U] 薄霧) range(山脈) cliff(峭壁) alpenstock(登山杖) tent(帳篷) cylinder(圓筒) self-respect([U] 自尊) routine(常規) airline(航空公司) closet(衣櫥) furniture([U] 家具，為不可數名詞，量詞要用a piece of furniture) farming([U] 農業) seed([C] [U] 種子) plow(犁) tractor(拖拉機) cultivator(播種機) swather(打谷機) threshing machine(聯合收割機) mule(騾子) poultry(家禽) population(種類，相當於variety) entertainment([U] 娛樂圈) lyric(抒情詩) shore(岸，海濱) seashore(海岸，海濱) shell(貝殼) pebble(鵝卵石) dune(沙丘) lithograph(平版畫) district(地區) institute(協會) goods(貨物，商品，無單數形式) zone(地域，地區) a work of art(藝術品，復數形式為works of art) basketball court(籃球場地) golf court(高爾夫球場地) borough(自治區) commodity([U] 小商品，日用品) wholesaler(批發商) weeping willow(垂柳) neon light(霓虹燈) zoologist(動物學家) zoology(動物學) tail(尾巴) emotion([C] 情緒，情感) anger([U] [情感] 憤怒，生氣) joy([C] [情感] 快樂，高興) grief([U] [情感] 悲傷) excitement([U] [情感] 激動) handrail(把手) vine(藤) branch(樹枝) boa (constrictor)(蟒蛇) ceiling(天花板) purpose(目的) Paradise(天堂) Christian(基督教徒) silence([U] 沈默，沈靜) heavy industry(重工業) light industry(輕工業) ownership(所有權) share = stock(份額，股份) stock exchange(證券交易所) stockholder(股東) index(指數) stockbroker(股票經紀人，幫別人炒股的人) record(重音順序為`--，紀錄) oyster(牡蠣) producer(生產商) corporation(公司) tax(稅，稅款) petrochemical(石油化工產品) income(收入) appliance([U] 家電) manufacturing industry(制造產業) hurricane(颶風，狂風) balcony(陽臺，復數形式為balconies) iron([U] 鐵) courtyard(庭院，院子) jazz([U] 爵士樂) saxophone(薩克斯) plantation(種植園) sugar cane([U] 甘蔗) orchard(果園) attic(閣樓，頂樓) basement(地下室) tornado(旋風，龍卷風，復數形式為tornados) lawn(草坪) (lawn)mower(剪草機) weed([U] 野草) hoe(鋤頭) suburb(市郊，郊區) valley(山谷) ages(＝a long time，壹段比較長的時間) jaw(顎) the upper/lower jaw(上/下顎) paw(爪子) roar(吼叫) settler(移民者) native(本地人) tribe(部落) chief(酋長，復數形式為chiefs) fighter(戰士) taboo(宗教禁忌) culture(文化，文明) enemy(敵人) anthropologist(人類學家) anthropology( 人類學) calorie(卡路裏，能量的單位名稱，復數形式為calories) content(含量) nutrient(營養物質) protein([U] 蛋白質) vitamin([U] 維生素) milligram(毫克) avocado(鱷梨，復數形式為avocadoes或avocados) oven(烤爐，烤箱) feast(筵席)
⒉Adjectives:
several(幾個) so-called(所謂的) full-time(全部時間的，專任的) part-time(兼職的，部分時間的) national(國家的) recycling(可循環的) enjoyable(令人愉快的) lively(活躍的) underdressed(衣著不正式) overdressed(衣著過於正式) photographic(照相的) tiny(細小的) alike(相似的) private(私人的) undersea(海底的) greedy(貪婪的) frustrated(失敗的) traditional(傳統的) kind-hearted(熱心的) generous(慷慨的) imaginary(想象的，假想的) scrambled(油炸的) boiled(沸騰的) poached(水煮的) artificial(人工的) moody(喜怒無常的) bad-tempered(脾氣不好的) ordinary(普通的) digital(數字的，數碼的) fragile(易碎的) northern(北方的) southern(南方的) western(西部的) eastern(東部的) crowded(擁擠的) secondhand(二手的) average(普通的) harmless(無害的) lonely(孤獨的，寂寞的) rewarding(有益的，值得的) smelly(發臭的) painful(疼痛的) modern(現代化的) cultural(文化的) historical(歷史的) gold-covered(被金覆蓋住的) amazing(令人驚異的) confident(自信的) rough(粗野的) scared(害怕的) misty(薄霧籠罩的) steep(陡峭的) alive(活著的) essential(必不可少的) gentle(平緩的，指山坡不陡峭) shiny(發亮的，發光的) wild(野生的) ancient(古代的) hybrid(雜交的) tame(馴服的) fine(極好的，相當於excellent) fascinating(著迷的) learned(有學問的，學術上的) giant(巨大的) European(歐洲式的) cultural(文化的) changeable(可改變的) powerful(強大的，有力的) timid(膽小的) forbidden(禁止的) sacred(神聖的) certain(壹定(量)的) roast(烤制的) subtropical(亞熱帶的) wroth(值得…)
⒊Adverbs:
probably(很可能，大概地) hardly(幾乎不…) absolutely(絕對地) thus(這樣，如此) mostly(主要地，大部分) fairly(相當地，後面加的是褒義詞) rather(相當地，後面加的是貶義詞) differently(不同地) recently(最近，相當於not long ago) way(遠遠地) someday(某壹天) properly(正常地) unfortunately(不幸地)
⒋Verbs:
renew(更新，續借) encourage(鼓勵，encouraged，encouraged) canoe(劃獨木舟，canoed，canoed) dive(跳水，dived，dived) surf(沖浪) describe(形容，described，described) free(解放，freed，freed) bury(埋葬，buried，buried) imagine(想象，imagined，imagined) harm(損害) spit(吐(痰)，spat，spat) collect(搜集) support(支持) bowl(打保齡球) book(預訂) mine(開采) mount(鑲嵌) tarnish(失去光澤) replace(代替) float(漂浮) attack(攻擊) explore(探索) appear(出現) bark(吠叫) frighten(嚇唬) graduate(畢業，完成學業) picnic(野餐，註意，picnic的現在分詞是picnicking) sniff(用力吸，用力嗅) decorate(裝飾) overeat(吃過量，overate，overeaten) suggest(提示，提醒) affect(影響) disappear(消失) appear(出現) explain(解釋) dig(挖，dug，dug) obey(遵守) prevent(預防) launch(發射(火箭)) provide(提供，provided，provided) increase(增長，重音在crease上面，即in｀crease) decrease(減少，重音在crease上面，即de｀crease) multiply(乘以…) prefer(更願意做某事，過去式為preferred) freeze(冷凍，froze，frozen) defrost(解凍) fillet(把(魚、肉)切成片) worry(撕咬) lie(撒謊，lied，lied) tell(分辨) wag(搖擺，wagging，wagged，wagged) treat(治療) heal(治愈) rock(搖動) mark(標誌) shoot(射，shot，shot) kick(踢) score(得分) beat(打敗，beat，beaten) expect(期望) spill(濺出，spilt，spilt) describe(形容，described, described) rob(搶劫，robbed, robbed) measure(丈量，測量，measured, measured) escape(逃跑，逃脫，escaped, escaped) trap(陷入困境，trapped, trapped) bang(猛擊) ride(搭乘) curl((使)卷曲) farm(耕種，幹農活) sow(播種，sowed，sown) plow(耕田) cultivate(耕種) supply(提供，supplied，supplied) reap(收割) thresh(打谷) combine(聯合) breed(繁殖，bred，bred) accompany(陪伴) bend(彎曲，bent，bent) fascinate(使…著迷，fascinated，fascinated) behave(舉動，舉止，behaved，behaved) hibernate(冬眠，hibernated，hibernated) weep(哭泣，wept，wept) mourn(哀悼) raise(募集，raised，raised) rebuild(重建) record(重音順序為-`-，記錄) earn(賺，掙) merge(合並，merged，merged) manufacture(制造，加工) raise(＝plant，種植) mow(剪草) weed(除草) recognize(認出) save(存款) nibble(壹點壹點地咬) roar(吼叫) squeak(吱吱叫，形容老鼠的叫聲) squeeze(擠) beg(乞求，乞討，begged, begged) punish(懲罰) roast(烘烤) stuff(填充)
⒌Places:
Hawaii(夏威夷) Honolulu(火奴魯魯，夏威夷州首府) Waikiki(懷基基海灘) Bondi Beach(邦戴海灘) Newquay Cape Town the Capitol Building(國會大廈) the House of Representatives(下議院) the Supreme Court(最高法院) the White House(白宮) the Great Hall of the People(人民大會堂) Statue of Liberty(自由女神像) the Empire State Building(紐約國會大廈，Empire State是紐約州的nickname) Broadway(百老匯) the Wall Street(美國華爾街) the Gobi Desert(戈壁沙漠) Nepal(尼泊爾) (the island of) Cyprus(塞浦路斯島) Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹，荷蘭首都) Holland(荷蘭) Belgium(比利時) Saudi Arabia(沙特阿拉伯) United Arab Emirates(阿拉伯聯合酋長國，簡稱阿聯酋，縮寫為UAE) Nigeria(尼日利亞) Brussels(布魯塞爾，比利時首都) Louisiana(路易斯安那州)
⒍Prepositions:
per(每壹) besides(除了) against(對抗) around(＝about，大約)
⒎Conjunctions:
whether(是否) however(然而)
Ⅱ Phrases:
on different subjects(關於不同的科目) encourage sb. to do(鼓勵某人做某事) come up with(提出，想出) ride waves(在浪之間穿梭) live to(為…而生的) come across sb. / sth. (遇到某人或某事) so far(迄今為止) come true(實現，變成現實) together with(和) slow down(降低速度) the pride of(…的驕傲) speak highly of(稱贊) take a tour of(做壹次旅行) take … around(帶領…轉壹圈) vote on(表決) a copy of(壹份) such (a/an) + adj. +n. reach up into the sky(直插雲霄) vote for(投票支持) vote against(投票反對) so many books = such a lot of books so much trouble = such a lot of trouble do well/badly in(在某方面做得好/不好) make a contribution to doing/sth.(對…有貢獻) come out(照片沖洗出來) offer sth. to(提供…) an expert on(某方面的專家) an interview with sb.(對某人的壹次采訪) in just the right place(恰好在正確的位置上) search the Internet(在網上搜索資料) one’s stay at(某人在某處的經歷) in the old days(在以前) for one thing(首先) feed on(以…為食) come in different sizes / shapes…(不同的大小/形狀) warn sb. about(警告某人) be amazed at(著迷於…) make it possible by doing(因為做了某事而使另壹件事實現) draw a moral(講出寓意) grab … away(把…搶走) turn … down / up(把…關小 / 開大) at the age of(在…歲時) be able to(能夠) during one’s lifetime(在某人的壹生中) get sb. to do(讓某人做某事) try out(試驗，嘗試) have nothing to do with(和…沒有關系) give sb. a new start in life(給某人生命中壹個新的開始) be thankful to sb. for sth. / doing sth.(對某人很感激) think much of(重視，尊重) make it(達到目標) have confidence in(對…有信心) stop for (sth.)(為停下來吃/喝) stand out(突出，顯眼) the heart of(…的中心) be trained to do(被訓練做某事) sniff at(嗅，聞…) sniff out sth.(發現，尋找) get through the Costumes(通過海關) take drugs(吸毒) the arrival of = the coming of put up(掛起) decorate … with …(用…裝飾…) go from (house) to (house) doing(從(壹間房子)走到(另壹間房子)，壹邊走壹邊做某事) be based on(以…為依據) be to do(將要做某事) go by = go past = pass(經過…旁邊 ) the diet of …(…的飲食) start … with(以…開始) finish … with(以…結束) lose one’s balance(失去平衡) keep one’s balance(保持平衡) be high in …(在…中含量很高) be low in …(在…中含量很低) cut out(停止，放棄) cut down on(減少) be made of …(由…制成，壹般肉眼可以直接看出) be made from …(由…制成，壹般肉眼不能直接看出) tell the time(顯示時間) be used as …(被當作…使用) be on display(在展覽的) be covered with feathers(被羽毛覆蓋) long before(很早以前) so that(為的是) a notice to …(給…的告示) more or less(或多或少) prevent … from(預防) because of = thanks to(因為，後面加名詞或短語) put … together(裝配) have a good knowledge of …(在…方面有很多知識) set one’s mind to do(下決心做某事) prefer to do … rather than do …(寧願…，也不願…) be worth …(價值…) far away from …(離…很遠) a flock of sheep(壹群羊，註意，量詞用的是flock) come (running) to do sth.((跑步)過來做某事) cry wolf(謊報軍情) tell lies(撒謊) be excited about(為…而激動) be worn out(穿舊了) have to = have got to(不得不) buy sth. online(在線購買某物) live out in the country(住在鄉村) an ad for …(壹則…的廣告) make a decision(做壹個決定) have sth. done = ask sb. else to do sth. for you regard … as …(把…看作…) keep a pet(飼養寵物) be grateful to sb. for doing sth.(對某人做的某事而感激) make up one’s mind to do(下決心做某事) have some experience in doing sth.(在做某事上有經驗) before long = soon after get an injection(打針) give sb. an injection(給某人打針) as if(好像) be busy with(忙於…) be just in time to do(恰好及時做了某事) belong to(屬於) at the time of(在…時候) be home to(成為…的家) the battle of(…戰役) the very best of(最好的…) be pleased with(對…感到高興) carry on doing sth.(持續做某事) kick a goal(射門並進球) make a successful shot(進球) A beat B = B lose to A from start to finish(從開始到結束) make the score 1-0(把比分改寫成1-0) expect (sb.) to do sth.(希望(某人)做某事) spill … over / on(…濺到…) from now on(從現在起) match one’s description(與某人的形容地壹樣) run away with(帶著…逃跑) break into(破門而入) the victim of(…的受害者) steal sth. from sb.(從某人處偷得某物) one’s excuse for (not) doing(借口(不)幹某事) a witness to(…的目擊證人) give a description(描述，形容) be known to sb.(被某人知道) keep sb. alive(使某人存活下來) go after(追逐) meet sb. halfway(在半路上遇見某人) fall short of(不足，缺乏) be in charge of(負責…) be happy in one’s career(從事某項職業很快樂) more or less = or so(大約，差不多，要加在修飾的詞後面) give sb. a ride(讓某人搭乘) go to sales(去買打折商品) put sb. up(借宿) be / get used to doing(習慣於做某事，後面加的是doing，不是do) make a reservation for / of sth.(預約某物) in place of = instead of(代替，in place of的用法於instead of的用法類似) suggest (to sb.賓格) sb.主格 should do sth.(建議某人做某事，註意，這裏介詞用的是to) give sb. a helping hand with sth. / in doing(幫助某人) hear of(聽到…消息) B.C. = before Christ(公元前) supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth.(給某人提供某物) cross … with …(把…與…雜交) across between … with …(…與…的雜交品種) be known for(因為…而被知道) take a trip to(做壹次旅行) back and forth(來回地) find sb./sth. + adj.(發現…很…，如find her fascinating) keep … away(防範…) live off(靠…生活) stand on(靠…站立) a second/third/fourth … leg = another leg(另壹條腿) hold on to(緊抓住) hang (from …) by …(靠…掛(在…)) weep for(為…而流淚) mourn for sb.(哀悼某人) the loss/death of sb.(某人的死) call … for short(簡稱) on record(紀錄上) get a loan(貸款) a producer of sth. = a sth. producer(某產品的生產商) earn money by doing = make money from sth.(靠…賺錢) make up(組成) earn one’s living (by doing)((靠…)生活) in town(在城市中) way(adv.) out of town(離城市很遠) the heart of(…的中心) keep one’s (European) feeling(保持(歐洲式的)風格) stop for sth. to eat/drink(停下來吃/喝點東西) keep sth. as they were more than 100 years ago(保持它們100多年前的樣子) much too + adj.(太…，壹般是指不好的，如much too expensive) in some way(s)(在某些方面) nibble (on/at) sth.(在某物上壹點壹點地咬) beg to do sth.(乞求做某事) teach sb. a lesson(給某人壹個教訓) look down on(輕視，蔑視) draw a lesson (from …)((從…)得到壹個教訓) believe in(信仰) a sort of(壹種…) catch disease() an increase(n.) in …(…方面的增長) a decrease(n.) in …(…方面的下降) have something to do with(與…有聯系) have a high fat content(有很高的脂肪含量) put sth. inside a turkey(把某物放進壹只火雞裏面) stuff a turkey with(用…填充火雞) a herd of camel(壹群駱駝，註意，量詞是herd，而不是flock) prepare dinner = get the dinner ready(準備晚飯) prepare for dinner = get ready for dinner(準備吃晚飯，註意與前面兩個詞組的區別)
Ⅲ Patterns and expressions:
Have you got any friends from abroad?Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
(這裏需註意，have got = have，但是助動詞不壹樣，have got用have，have用do)
Have you ever learned this pattern?Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t.
(這是壹種典型的現在完成時態)
Grandma lost the book and can’t find it. What was worse, she lost more books.(what was worse放在句中，起到承上啟下的作用，表示壹種更壞的情況) Once you start, it’s hard to stop.(once的意思為“壹旦”) Hawaii is famous for the beach for water sports, especially surfing, it attracts lots of people to the island.(… be famous for…, especially…, … attract to…是壹個非常常用的句式)