1.after
的用法小結
1. 用作介詞,與壹段時間連用表示“在…之後”時,註意它與 in的區別:after表示以過去時間為起點的壹段時間以後,且通常與過去時態連用;而in則表示以現在為起點的壹段時間以後:
He came backafter two days. 他兩天後就回來了。 He will come back in twodays. 他過兩天就回來。
但 after 若是與壹點時間連用,則可與過去時態也可與將來時態連用: He came back after 4 o?clock. 他是四點鐘以後回來的。 He will come back after next month. 他將在下個月以後回來。
2. 用作連詞引導時間狀語從句時註意:若主句用將來時態 (或含有將來意味),則時間狀語從句要用壹般現在時態 (表將來意義),而不能直接使用將來時態: 他回來後我就走。
正:I?ll leave after he comes back. 誤:I?ll leave after he will come back.
3. 用作副詞,表示“後來”、“ (壹段時間)以後”,通常放在表示時間的副詞之後: soon after 不久以後 two days after 兩天後
4. 用於習語after all 終究,畢竟: I was right after all. 畢竟我是對的。
After all, he?s only six years old. 畢竟,他才六歲。
2.Before的用法小結
高三課本第十五單元,INTER GATING SKILLS 和 WORKBOOK READING部分有如下的句子:
⒈The shop was successful,but it was about sixty years before people started to buy jeans for fashion as well as for work.
⒉However,it probably will not be long before the other mountainous areas of China such as Sichuan,Xinjiang and Yunnan are developed,and as more facilities become available,prices will almost certainly fall.
其中涉及到before的用法,下面就其用法進行總結。 壹、可以用作介詞
⒈)指時間上早於,在……之前,如: She has lived here since before the war. 她從戰前就壹直在這兒住。 ⒉)指位置在前面,如:
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We knelt down before Grandma?s grave. 我們在奶奶的墓前跪下。
⒊)指順序或排列在之前,如:
Your name comes before mine on the list. 名單上妳的名字在我之前。 ⒋)在某人面前,如:
She said it before the witness. 他是當著證人的面說的。 二、作為連詞
其基本含義是“在……之前”,又可以根據不同語境靈活翻譯成“才”、“還沒來得及就……”、“趁……”、“就”等。具體用法如下: ⒈)與情態動詞can/could連用
這時候從句雖為肯定形式,根據漢語表達習慣譯成“還沒來得及就”,如: Before I could get in a word,he had measured me. 我還沒來得及插話他就為我量好了尺寸。
Before she could move,she heard a loud noise,which grew to a terribl eroar. 她還沒來得及邁步,就聽見壹聲巨響,接著就是可怕的隆隆轟鳴。
⒉)用於肯定句中強調主句所表達的時間,距離長,或花費的精力大,譯成“才” We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands. 我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。
We waited a long time before the train arrived. 我們等了很長時間火車才到。 ⒊)用於否定句中,強調主句所表達的時間,距離短,或花費的精力小,譯成“不到……就”如:
We hadn?t run a mile before he felt tired. 我們跑了還不到壹英裏他就累了。
⒋)主句含有hardly,scarcely等半否定副詞時可以譯為“剛……就” 這時候主句應用過去完成時態,從句用過去時,還可以用when替代before如: We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang. 我們剛到學校鈴聲就響了。 ⒌)有時還有“寧願”的意思
I?d shoot myself before I apologized to him.我寧死也不向他道歉。 ⒍)用於It+be/take+時間段+before句型
在這壹句型中又可以根據主從句的時態分成兩種情況。
若主句是壹般時將來時態,從句是壹般現在時.若主句是肯定句意思是“要過多長時間才”;若主句是否定形式翻譯成“用不了多久就”。 It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal. 兩周之後壹切才能恢復正常。
It will be many years before the situation improves. 這種狀況或許要過許多年才能得以改善。
It won?t be long before we meet again.用不了多久我們就會再見面的。
這時若主句是壹般過去時從句也是壹般過去時。若主句是肯定句翻譯成“多長時間之後才”,若主句是否定形式翻譯成“沒過多久就”。如: It was some time before I realized the truth