國際貨代英語第七講講義
Unit 7 chartering Business
本節歷年考試的分值在4~8分,題型為單選,多選,判斷題.
本節重點:
航次租船
定期租船
航次租期
光船租船
包運租船
租船的定義
Chartering is the business of providing employment for a vessel and arranging suitable sea transport for a variety of commodities.
註釋:chartering: 租用(在這裏引申為"租船") employment: 雇用,使用,利用, suitable:適當的,相配的 variety:變化,多樣性,品種 commodity:商品
課文意思:租船是提供使用船舶和為各類貨物安排適宜海上運輸的業務.
租船的幾種類型:
Voyage Chartering 航次租船(考試重點)
The voyage chartering means that the shipowner promises to carry on board a specific ship a particular cargo for a single voyage from one or more landing ports to one or more discharging ports.(航次租船的定義,了解壹下)
註釋:voyage chartering : 航次租船 shipowner: 船東promise: 承諾,答應(常接to,答應做···,承諾做···)carry: 裝載,攜帶,運送 on board: 在船上,到船上 specific: 特定的,明確的 particular: 特殊的,獨特的,特別的 cargo: 船貨,(車,船,飛機的運輸的)貨物 single voyage: 單程航次(voyage:航程,round trip charter:往返租船) loading port: 裝貨港discharging port: 卸貨港
課文意思:航次租船是指船東承諾將裝載特定船上的貨物從壹個或者幾個裝貨港單程航次承運至壹個或幾個卸貨港.
航次租船合同的內容
課文:The relationship between the parties is governed by the voyage charter party.
註釋:be governed by: 由···控制,受···約束 voyage charter party: 航次租船合同
課文意思: 租船雙方的關系受航次租船合同的約束.
航次租船合同包含的內容(9個內容)
The names of the parties 合同雙方的名稱
The name and nationality of the ship 船舶的名稱和國籍 (註釋:nationaliy:國籍,國家)
Its bale or grain capacity 船舶包裝或散裝的容積. (註釋:bale or grain capacity : 包裝或散裝容積.)
Description of the goods to be loaded 對貨物裝載的描述. (註釋: description 描述,形容)
Port of loading and discharge 裝貨港和卸貨港的規定.
Time for loading and discharge 裝貨和卸貨的時間.
Payment of freight 運費的支付.
Demurrage 滯期貨的規定 (註釋:demurrage 滯期貨)
Dispatch and other relevant mat matters 速遣費和其它相關事宜的規定 (註釋:dispatch :速遣費 matter :事件,問題)
課文: Under a voyage charter the shipowner retains the operatlonal control of the vessel and is responsible for all the operating expenses such as port charges ,bunksers, taxes, etc.
註釋:retain:保持,保留 operatonal:操作的,運作的 control: 支配,控制 be responsible for:對···負責,承擔···責任 port charge:港口費用 bunker:燃油費 tax:稅
課文意思:在航次租船條件下,船東控制船的運費並且承擔所有的運營費用比如港口費,燃油費,稅收等等.
課文:Loading and discharging costs are divided between the shipowner and the charterer in accordance with the agreement from case to case .
註釋:divided: 分,劃分 in accordance with: 與···壹致,依照 agreement: 協定,協議
課文意思:船東和租船人依照每票的協議劃分裝載和卸載費用
課文:There are more standard forms of voyage charter party used . Typically example is Gencon form which is general charter parties designed to be used in trades where no specific form exists.
註釋:standard: 標準的 form:形式,格式 typically: 代表性地,作為特色的 Gencon form: "金康"格式(全稱"統壹雜貨租船合同(Uniform General Charter).是壹個不分雜貨和航線,適用範圍比較廣泛的航次租船合同的標準格式.) design :計劃,打算,設計 exists: 存在
課文意思:航次租船合同有多種標準格式可供使用.最具代表性的是"金康"格式,它是最普遍使用的租船合同,可用於沒有特殊形式存在的貿易當中.
二.Time Chartering 定期租船 (考試重點)
2-1 課文:The time chartering means that the shipowner provides a designated manned ship to the charterer, and the charterer employs the ship for a specific period against payment of hire .(定期租船的定義,了解壹下)
註釋:time chartering: 定期租船 designated : 指定的,派定的, manned:有人駕駛的,有人操縱的(在這裏是指"配備船員") charterer: 承租人,租船者 employ:雇用 period:期限,時限 hire: 租金,工錢
課文意思:定期租船者是指船舶所有人提供給承租人壹艘特定的配備船員的船舶,由承租人使用壹定期限並交付租金.
2-2 課文: The hire is payable in advance for a month or other period . If the hire is not paid promptly the shipowner may be entitled to cannel the charter .
註釋:payable:應付的,可付的 in advance:提前,預先 promptly:敏捷地,迅速地 be entitled to: 有權(做)···, 有···的資格 cannel: 取消
課文意思:租金應提前壹個月或其他期限支付,如果沒有及時迅速地支付傭金,船舶所有人有權取消此次租憑.
2-3 課文:Under a time charter the crew is employed by the shipowner, who is also responsible for the nautical operation and maintenance of the vessel, and supervision of the cargo.
註釋:crew :全體人員(工作)隊,在這裏引申為"船員" nautical : 船員的,船舶的,航海的(nautical operation :航行操作) maintenance :維護,保持 supervision:監督,管理
課文意思:定期租船條件下,由船舶所有人雇船員,並且負責航行操作和船舶的維修和貨物的監督.
2-4 課文:The charter is liable for costs directly connected with the use of the vessel ,for example ,bunker costs and port charges and pays for the loading and discharging.
註釋:is liable for: 對···應負責任 directly : 直接的 connected :相關聯的
課文意思:承租人負責與船舶使用有直接相關聯的費用,比如燃油費,港口費以及支付裝載和卸載費用.
2-5 課文:The liability for the cargo may be determined in different ways and may rest with the shipowner or with the charterer or may be divided between them in one way or another.
註釋:liability:責任,義務 determined :規定,確定 different:不同的 rest with:取決於,在於 ,由···負責
課文意思:對於貨物(風險)的責任劃分可能有不同方式來決定,可能由船舶所有人負責或者由承租人負責或者也可能雙方之間以壹種或者其他方式來劃分.
2-6 課文:When giving orders to vessel the charterer must keep within the trading limits prescribed by the contract . with respect to geographical areas as well as cargoes to be carried .
註釋:giving 給予 order 訂單 keep 保持trading limits 航區限制 prescribe 規定,指示 with respect to 關於,至於geographical 地理學的,地理的as well as也
課文意思:當給船舶下了壹票貨後,承租人就地理區域和所載貨物都要保持在合同規定的航區限制之內.
2-7課文:There are also some standard forms of time charter party used in the time chartering business.定期租船合同也有幾種標準格式.
主要的兩種格式:
NYPE form 土產格式
全稱"紐約土產交易所定期租船合同"(The New York Produce Exchange Time Charter),是美國紐約的土產交易所指定的定期租船合同的標準格式.
By far the largest number of time chartering are fixed on the basis of the NYPE Charter Party. 到目前為止大量的定期租船都是以土產格式作為合同樣本的基礎.
2.BALTIME form "波爾的姆"
全稱"波爾的姆統壹定期租船合同" 是波羅的海國際航運協會指定的定期租船合同標準格式.
TCT (Trip Chartering 航次期租)
3-1 課文:Trip chartering means that the charterer emplys vessel on a time charter basis for single or round-trip voyagrs.(航次期租定義,了解壹下)
註釋:Trip chartering :航次
課文意思:航次期租是指承租人以定期租船為基礎租用船舶壹個或來回航次.
3-2 課文:A trip-chartering is similar to voyages chartering with regard to the fact that the intention of the parties is to empoly the vessel for one or two voyages .
註釋:is similar to:與···相似 fact :事實,實際,實情 intention :意圖,目的
課文意思:航次期租就當事人的目的實際上與航次租船是相似的,租用船舶壹個或者來回航次.
3-3 課文:There the roles and responsibilities of charterer and shiponwner are identical to those assumed for time charter.
註釋:role 角色 任務 be identical to 與···壹致,與···相同 assume 表現呈現
課文意思:承租人和船舶所有人在航次期租中擔負的角色和責任與定期租船是壹致的.
Bareboat Chartering 光船租船
reboat Chartering 光船租船 (考試重點)
4-1課文:The bareboat chartering ordinarily means that the vessel is put at the disposal of the charterer for a long period employment without any crew.(光船租船的定義,了解壹下)
註釋:bareboat chartering 光船租船 ordinarily 普通 平常disposal 處理 處置 安排 配置
課文意思:光船租船通常是指將未配備船員的船舶提供給承租人使用較長時間的租船方式.
The charterer thus will take over almost over almost all of the shipowner's functions
.This means that the charterer will have the commercial as well as the technical responsibility for the vessel and will pay for maintenance,crew costs and insurance,etc.
註釋:thus 因此 這樣 如此 take over 接管 接受 (這裏引申為負責)functions 職責 作用 commercial 商業的 貿易的technical 技術的 技術上的 responsibility 責任 職責
課文意思:因此承租人將負責幾乎所有船舶所有人的職責.這意味著承租人必須承擔貿易商的職責,也同樣要負責船舶方面技術上的職責,支付船舶的維修費用,船員的工資和保險等等.
4-3課文:Bareboat chartering is less common than other types of chartering.
課文意思:光船租船與其他租船方式相比較少使用.
It is sometime employed in connect with the financial arrangements for purchase of the vessel on installment terms.
註釋:sometime 在某壹時後,曾經 in connect with 與··有關,連同financial arrangements 財務安排 installment terms. 分期付款條件
課文意思:光船租購與財務安排有關,實際上相當於分期付款購買船舶.
The bareboat charter hen serves as a hire/purchase contract,by which the shipowner/seller retains formal ownership and thereby security in the vessel until the full purchase price is paid.
註釋:serves as 作為 hire/purchase contract 租購合同retain 保持保留formal 正式的 形式的 ownership 所有權 物主身份 thereby 因此 因而
課文意思:光船租船可以作為租購合同,船舶所有人或出售方在收到全部付款前對船舶擁有正式所有權.
課文 There is only one standard form of bareboat charter paty used to any great extent and that is the BATRECON form designed by BIMCO.
註釋:extent 範圍 程度 區域 BATRECON form "貝爾康"格式 BIMCO 波羅的海的海國際航運協會繪制的"貝爾康"格式.
五,Contract of Affreightment (COA) 包運合同 (考試重點)
5-1課文:Contract of Affreightment ordinarily means that the shipowner promises to satisfy the charterer's need for transport capacity over a certain period of time, often one year or several years.(包運租船的定義,了解壹下)
註釋:Contract of Affreightment 包運合同 promise to 承諾做···satisfy 滿足 使···滿意transport capacity 運輸能力
課文意思:包運租船是指船東在壹定期限內,通常壹年或幾年,向承租人提供壹定運力,滿足其運輸能力的需要.
5-2 課文:The kinds of goods,as well as the period of time for the contract,is ordinarily clearly defined.
註釋:defined 定義 詳細說明 規定 限定
課文意思:通常都會明確地規定合同貨物的種類和合同的期限.
5-3 The quantity of the goods to be carried may be precisely fixed or refers to yearly production.
註釋:precisely 明確的 準確的fix 規定 確定refer to 查閱 提及 談到
課文意思:明確的規定運載貨物的數量,或者參考年運載貨物量.
5-4 課文:The timeable for the individal vouages is commonly approximate,so that the shipnebts shall be fairly or evenly spread.
註釋:timeable 時間表individal 單獨的 個別的approximately 近似的 接近的fairly 公正的 公平地evenly 均勻的 平坦地spread 布置 安排
課文意思:單獨航線的時間表通常是近似的,因此可以公平均勻地安排裝運.
5-5 課文:The agreement often fixes a certain minimum quantity to be shipped each time in order that the shipowner shall have a duty to load and carry the goods.
註釋:minimum quantity 最小數量 duty 責任 職責
課文意思:每次航運協議常常會固定壹個確定的最低運輸量,為了使船舶有人負責裝載和運輸貨物.
5-6 包運租船的優點
1.對於船東來說:
Security of employment is obtained for his vessel for duration of the contracrt,especially valuable if the shipowner considers that freighe rates are about to fall.
特別是在船東認為運費將要下降時,包運租船可以保證船東在合同期間固定的收益.
註釋:security安全 保障obtain 獲得duration 持續時間 期限valuable 有價值的 可評估的be about to 將要 打算 fall 落下 下跌
2.對於承租人來說:
But the charterers may also be able to obtain financial advantage in the event that martket freight rates rise onci they have committed shipowner of operator on the contract.對於承租人來說,在他們將貨物委托給合同規定的船東或者經營者後,如果運費上漲,采用包運租船對承租人來說是有利的.
註釋:financial 財政的 金融的in the event that 如果 在···情況下commit 委托 約束 把···交托給 operator 經營者 操作者
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